For many aphids, EBF is the principal constituent of the aphid alarm pheromone, and the constitutive production of EBF by plants could hold promise in the control of specific aphid pests

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9885

#XL - T Zoology

Processes That Kill Phagocytosed Microbes

Agents include antimicrobial proteins and peptides, low pH, hydrolytic enzymes including lysozyme and proteases activated by the increasing acidity of the phagolysosomes, and specialized molecules that mediate oxidative attack.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9886

#XL - T Zoology

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)- NADPH oxidase mutate

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9887

#XL - T Zoology

Eat me” signals

Dying cells facilitate their own phagocytosis by expressing on their surfaces such as phosphatidyl serine and lysophosphatidyl choline, proteins (annexin I), and altered carbohydrates. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9888

#XL - T Zoology

Don’t eat me

Don’t eat me” signal, the protein CD47. CD47, recognized by the SIRP-α receptor on macrophages.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9889

#XL - T Zoology

Apoptotic cells attract phagocytes by releasing the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid, which functions as a chemoattractant

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9890

#XL - T Zoology

Conserved motifs, usually present in many copies on the surface of a bacterium, fungal cell, parasite, or virus particle, are called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).