Effector‐triggered immunity is a second level of induced defense and stronger than PTI and culminates in the hypersensitive response (HR).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10003

#XL - T Zoology

Mice homozygous for a null allele of dhh exhibit defective spermatogenesis

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10380

#XL - Q Biochemistry

IFN- ¥ has been shown to induce expression of the class II transcriptional activator (CIITA). 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9405

#XL - T Zoology

Costs & benefits of territorial defense

Cost

Defending a territory requires time & energy and may, if aggressive defense is  needed, may pose some risk of injury.

Benefits‐

The improved access to resources represents  the 'benefit(s)' of territory defense.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9753

#XL - R Botany

Mp10 and Mp42 are effector produced by aphid Myzus persicae.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9374

#XL - T Zoology

Like SOCS proteins in the cytokine signaling, 

Smad7 also recruits an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets TGF-β receptors for degradation.