Cell-Mediated Immunity against Virus

Both CD8+ TC cells and CD4+ TH1 cells are required components of the cell-mediated antiviral defense.

Activated TH1 cells produce IL-2, IFN-ϒ, and tumor necrosis factor-α.

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Ligand-induced receptor activation,

Concentration of PI 3-phosphates rises

PH domain of PKB binds to PI 3-phosphates

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Maximal activation of PKB depends on recruitment to the cytosolic surface of the plasma membrane of two other kinases -PDK1 and PDK2.

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PDK1 can phosphorylate PKB on a critical threonine residue in its activation loop

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Phosphorylation by the mTORC2 kinase complex, of a second serine on

PKB that is not in the activation loop is necessary for maximal PKB activity

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Activated PKB directly phosphorylates and inactivates a protein Bad

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Activated PKB also promotes survival of many cultured cells by phosphorylating the Forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a on multiple serine and threonine residues.