Match the following effector molecules with their pathogen

     

Pathogen	Effector molecules	Function
A) Fusicoccum amygdali	i) HC‐toxin	a) inhibits salicylic acid (SA)‐mediated defense responses
B) Cochliobolus carbonum	ii) Coronatine	b) Constitutively activates the plasma membrane H+‐ATPase
C) Pseudomonas syringae	iii) Fusicoccin	c) Inhibits histone deacetylase activity
		d) Opening of stomata

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#Question id: 12212

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

 A 71-year-old man with upper abdominal pain and blood in the stool takes NSAIDS for the pain and washes it down with whiskey. Pentagastrin administration produced lower than predicted levels of gastric acid secretion. Secretion of which of the following substances is most likely to be diminished in this patient with gastritis?

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#Question id: 12211

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A 57-year-old man is admitted as an emergency for upper GI bleeding. Endoscopy reveals multiple ulcers in the duodenum. Serum gastrin levels are eight-fold higher compared to normal. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES, gastrinoma) is suspected. Administration of which of the following substances is useful in confirming the diagnosis?

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#Question id: 12062

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Mass movements are often stimulated after a meal by distention of the stomach (gastrocolic reflex) and distention of the duodenum (duodenocolic reflex). Mass movements often lead to which of the following?

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#Question id: 12061

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder of the exocrine glands, affecting children and young people. Mucus in the exocrine glands becomes thick and sticky and eventually blocks the ducts of these glands (especially in the pancreas, lungs, and liver), forming cysts. A primary disruption in the transfer of which ion across cell membranes occurs in CF leading to decreased secretion of fluid?

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#Question id: 12060

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

 Eating a meal leads to a large increase in gastric acid secretion that peaks within about 5 min and returns to normal about 4 hr after a meal is taken. How long after a meal does the pH of the gastric contents reach its lowest level (in hours)?

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#Question id: 12059

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A 19-year-old man is fed intravenously for several weeks following a severe automobile accident. The intravenous feeding leads to atrophy of the gastrointestinal mucosa most likely because the blood level of which of the following hormones is reduced?