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TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12349

Males in a population differ in the time they spend displaying to females. A researcher hypothesizes that predators are responsible for these differences. Males display for longer durations when there are no predators in the vicinity and for shorter durations when there is a predator nearby. Which of the following study designs is the most appropriate test of this hypothesis?

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles
  1. Map predator distribution in the area; measure the abundance of females; quantify the natural variation in male display rates in areas without predators
  2. Measure display  rates of  males at  the beginning  of  the breeding season; remove all  predators from the study site; then measure male display rates later in the breeding season; repeat for multiple populations
  3. Measure display rates of males in areas with and without predators; randomly assign males to two treatments: (i) capture and release back in original area (ii) capture and switch between areas; measure display rates for all experimental males
  4. Measure display rates of males in areas with and without predators; randomly assign males to two treatments: (i) addition of females to the area (ii) removal of females from the area; measure display rates for all experimental males
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TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 13191

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Which of the following statements about circadian rhythms is correct?
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 13190

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

During the evolution of life on Earth, the photosynthetic organisms initially responsible for raising atmospheric oxygen concentrations from less than 1 percent to about 20 percent were
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 13189

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The relative abundance of C plant species increases with latitude because of the associated temperature gradient. A study in North America found that at  42°  North,  C3  plants  become more  abundant than  C4  plants. Given  an  increase in  mean global  temperatures by  10°C and no  other changes in  environmental conditions,  the latitude at which C3 plants become more abundant:
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 13188

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The following figure is a model of seedling establishment as a function of distance from a parent tree. Initial seed density measures the number of seeds falling to the ground. Seed survivorship measures the proportion of seeds that survive to the adult stage at each distance


Which of the following factors is most likely to generate the seed survivorship curve shown? 
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 13187

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The following figure is a model of seedling establishment as a function of distance from a parent tree. Initial seed density measures the number of seeds falling to the ground. Seed survivorship measures the proportion of seeds that survive to the adult stage at each distance


Which of the following factors is most likely to generate the seed density curve shown? 
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 13186

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The following figure is a model of seedling establishment as a function of distance from a parent tree. Initial seed density measures the number of seeds falling to the ground. Seed survivorship measures the proportion of seeds that survive to the adult stage at each distance

This model predicts that recruitment of new individuals into the population should be