Auxin moving downward from the shoot moves basipetally (toward the base) until it reaches the root–shoot junction.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9335

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Drosophila homolog of TGF-β = Dpp

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9336

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Kinase domains in TGF-β receptors phosphorylate and trigger the activation of a conserved class of transcription factors - Smads

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Principal function of all 3 human TGF-β isoforms, TGF-β1, 2, and 3:

Prevent cell proliferation by inducing the synthesis of p15 INK4B

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9338

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Monomeric active forms of all members of the TGF-β family (3 conserved intramolecular disulfide Linkages) contain a conserved cysteine residue that forms a disulfide bond links TGF-β monomers into functional homodimers

and heterodimers

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TGF-β is synthesized with a, 

250-residue N-terminal prodomain

∼110-residue C-terminal TGF-β domain

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

N-terminal prodomain is required for proper folding and dimerization of the C-terminal TGF-β domain.