In mammals, Noggin (antagonist of BMP) is expressed in the notochord and neural folds.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6777

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Mutation of either the 5′ or the 3′ invariant splice-site bases at the ends of the intron resulted in pre-mRNAs that were bound by snRNPs to form spliceosomes; however, RNA splicing was blocked, and the pre-mRNA was retained in the nucleus. 

In contrast, mutation of both the 5′ and 3′ splice sites in the same pre-mRNA resulted in export of the unspliced pre-mRNA, although less efficiently than for the spliced mRNA, probably because of the absence of an exon-junction complex. When both splice sites were mutated, the pre-mRNAs were not efficiently bound by snRNPs, and consequently, their

export was not blocked.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3429

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

In molecules, two types of excited states can exist;
a) The singlet state is relatively short‐lived and contains electrons with opposite (antiparallel) spins.
b) The more long‐lived triplet state has electron spins that are aligned (parallel).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1323

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Positive and negative regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity-

Gαs-coupled receptors

Gαi-coupled receptors

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6765

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

P bodies are dense cytoplasmic domains many times the size of a ribosome. They are sites of translational repression that contain no ribosomes or translation factors. They are also major sites of mRNA degradation in the cytoplasm. Exon-junction complexes upf complex functions in nonsense-mediated decay and induces degradation of the mRNA by P body–associated 5′→3′ exoribonuclease XRN1 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6917

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Unbalanced gene dosage leads to developmental abnormalities.