Four types of anchoring junctions are present in cells:

1. Adherens junctions

2. Desmosomes

3. Hemidesmosomes

4. Focal adhesions

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9769

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

NADPH oxidases respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Atrboh) genes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9770

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Extracellular basic hydroxyproline rich glycoproteins

(HRGPs) via the tyrosine in the repeated motif PPPPY that reacts with H2O2.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9771

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Polygalacturonases (PG) secreted by the fungal hyphae interact with WAK1 on plant cell wall results in the expression of plant defense proteins, including PGIPs Chitinases, glucanases, and phytoalexins to damage the fungal hyphae

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9772

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Phytoalexins are low molecular weight, lipophilic antimicrobial compounds for which phenylalanine is a substrate used by phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL),

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9773

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

In Arabidopsis, PTI induces production of indole glucosinolates, to control of fungal pathogens. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9774

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

PTI and fungal pathogen entry into epidermal tissue induces several specific cytochrome P450 enzymes, and this leads to accumulation of the indole glucosinolate 4‐methoxyindol‐3‐ylmethylglucosinolate (4M13G).