The ‘Wallace rule’ (Lay Thein & Wallace 1986) is used to determine the appropriate stringency wash temperature: 

Tm = 4 × (number of GC base pairs) + 2 × (number of AT base pairs

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von Willebrand factor deficiency likewise causes a bleeding disorder (von Willebrand disease) by reducing platelet adhesion and by lowering plasma factor VIII

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Hemophilia B (Christmas disease), is caused by factor IX deficiency.

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Anticlotting mechanisms  The tendency of blood to clot is balanced in vivo by reactions that prevent clotting inside the blood vessels, break down any clots that 

do form, or both.

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Antithrombin III is a circulating protease inhibitor that binds to serine proteases in the coagulation system, blocking their activity as clotting factors.

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Antithrombin III is a circulating protease inhibitor that binds to serine proteases in the coagulation system, blocking their activity as clotting factors.

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The endothelium of the blood vessels also plays an active role in preventing the extension of clots.