The ‘Wallace rule’ (Lay Thein & Wallace 1986) is used to determine the appropriate stringency wash temperature: 

Tm = 4 × (number of GC base pairs) + 2 × (number of AT base pairs

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The inhibition of Oskar translation is mediated by two proteins- 

Bruno

Cup

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

An anterior-to-posterior gradient of Bicoid protein

An anterior-to-posterior gradient of Hunchback protein

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

A posterior-to-anterior gradient of Nanos protein A posterior-to-anterior gradient of Caudal protein

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

A third set of maternal genes whose proteins generate the unsegmented extremities of the anterior-posterior axis: the acron (the terminal portion of the head that includes the brain) and the telson (tail).