An excited fluorescent molecule such as GFP or YFP can dispose of the energy from the absorbed photon in either of two ways: 

by fluorescence, emitting a photon of slightly longer wavelength (lower energy) than the exciting light, or 

by nonradiative fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9717

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Fus3 equivalent to MAP kinase

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Fus3 translocates into the nucleus & phosphorylates two proteins, Dig1 and Dig2.

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#Id: 9719

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Phosphorylated Dig1 and Dig2, relieves the inhibition of the Ste12 transcription factor.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Activated Ste12, induces expression of proteins

involved in mating-specific cellular responses.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Human genome encodes 19 different Wnt proteins, and essential for critical developmental events, including:

Brain development

Limb patterning

Organogenesis

Formation of osteoblasts

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#Id: 9957

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Wnts are paracrine factors that make up a large family of cysteine-rich glycoproteins