Isosmotic reabsorption is a hallmark of proximal tubular function: Solute and water reabsorption are coupled and are proportional to each other.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6218

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

The genetic expression from adenoviruses is transient, where the DNA is free within the host cell’s nucleus (episomal) where it can be transcribed, but upon cell division these genes will not be replicated.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6219

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Third generation adenoviral Vectors also known as helper dependent adenovirus as they lack all the coding sequences and require helper virus which carries all the coding sequences needed for successful infection like viral DNA replication, viral assembly and infection of new cells etc.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6220

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Adeno-associated vectors (AAV) Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are a group of small, single-stranded DNA viruses. The insert size for AAV is 4.5 kb, with the advantage of long-term gene expression as they integrate into chromosomal DNA.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6221

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Retroviral Vectors Retroviruses have RNA genomes that are used as templates for reverse transcriptase to synthesize a DNA copy that can be inserted into the host cell genome.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6222

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

The genomes of all retroviruses contain the three genes gag, pol and env.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6223

#Unit 12. Applied Biology