Steps of nick translation- 

Low concentrations of DNase I are used to make occasional single-strand nicks in the double-stranded DNA that is intended as the gene probe.

DNA polymerase then fills in the nicks, using an appropriate dNTP, at the same time making a new nick to the 3′ side of the previous one.

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Rous sarcoma virus is a retrovirus whose RNA genome is reverse transcribed into DNA, which is incorporated into the host-cell genome

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Oncogenic transforming viruses RSV contain an

oncogene — v-src gene

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Avian leukosis virus (ALV), 

Retroviral DNA is inserted near the MYC gene. overproduction of MYC causes abnormally rapid proliferation of cells.

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Human papillomavirus encodes two oncogenic proteins: E6 -inhibits p53

E7- inhibits RB

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Chromosomal translocation 

That fuses two genes together to produce a hybrid gene encoding a chimeric protein whose activity is constitutive

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Chromosomal translocation 

That brings a growth regulatory gene under the control of alternative enhancers that cause inappropriate expression of the gene