EMS causes ethylation of the bases in DNA at the 7-N and the 6-O positions. When 7-ethylguanine is produced, it base-pairs with thymine to cause G:C → A:T transitions.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5953

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Consumption efficiencies for carnivores are typically higher than those of herbivores and vary from 5–100% Vertebrate predators commonly consume more than 50% of their prey.

Consumption efficiency of terrestrial herbivore range between 0-15 %, means 85 – 100% NET terrestrial plant goes into decomposer chain.

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#Id: 5954

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Assimilation efficiency  Assimilation efficiency is the proportion of ingested energy that is assimilated into the bloodstream (An)

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#Id: 5955

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Carnivore assimilation efficiencies are often about 80%, because carnivores consume largely soft tissue,  Assimilation efficiencies for herbivores average only about 5–20% 

Assimilation efficiencies of aquatic herbivores have higher  than terrestrial herbivores.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5956

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Production efficiency It is defined as the percentage of energy assimilated by an organism that becomes incorporated into new biomass.

 

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#Id: 5957

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Invertebrates generally have fairly high production efficiencies  (about 10–50%) than vertebrate. Ectotherms, typically have production efficiencies of around 10%, and birds and mammals, which are endotherms, have production efficiencies in the range of 1–2%.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5958

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles