End-labelling of a gene probe at the 3′ end using terminal transferase. Note that the addition of a labeled dNTP at the 3′ end alters the sequence of the gene probe.

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#Id: 9569

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Dollo’s law:  A biological generalization positing that complex characters, once lost in evolution, are extremely unlikely to reappear and thus the loss of complex characters is virtually always irreversible.

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#Id: 9570

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Van Valen law -  he found a surprising result: rather straight curves, implying that the probability of extinction is roughly constant.

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#Id: 9571

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Ockham’s principle - Principle of parsimony

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#Id: 9572

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

The Forces of Evolution

Mutation, 

Genetic drift

Gene flow or migration

Selection

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#Id: 4316

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Theories to explain origin of life

Special Creation

Panspermia/ Cosmozoic theory/ Interplanetary theory

Spontaneous Generation

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#Id: 4317

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

The Theory of Spontaneous Generation

The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC) was one of the earliest recorded scholars to articulate the theory of spontaneous generation, the notion that life can arise from nonliving matter.