A variation on the run-off theme of quantifying accurate transcription in vitro is the G-less cassette assay.

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#Id: 9189

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Overdominance the heterozygote has higher fitness than the  fitnesses of the two homozygotes

Underdominance, in which the heterozygote has lower fitness than both homozygotes.

Directional selection leads to fixation of the favored allele and elimination of the other allele, as  long as no other evolutionary forces act on the population.

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Artificial selection- Genetically improving animals and plants by breeding together the best individuals in their fields and flocks.

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Types of selection

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

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#Id: 9193

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

The allelic frequency at equilibrium (qˆ) depends on the relative fitnesses (usually expressed as selection coefficients) of the two homozygotes:

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Hitchhiking

An important consequence of linkage disequilibrium is hitchhiking. This happens when an allele at  one locus spreads by natural selection acting on a second locus that is in linkage disequilibrium with  the first.