Instruments specifically designed to measure turbid samples are nephelometers or Klett meters. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2236

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Highest rates of substitutions in regions of the gene that have the least effect on function, such as the third position of a codon, flanking regions, and introns.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2237

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Neutral selection (Ka/Ks = 1)

Positive selection (Ka/Ks > 1)

Purifying selection (Ka/Ks < 1)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2240

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

The neutral-mutation hypothesis proposes that most molecular variation is neutral with regard to natural selection and is shaped largely by mutation and genetic drift.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2241

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Neutral theory of molecular evolution developed by Motoo Kimura

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2242

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Codon bias- The different codons that correspond to the same amino acid appear at different frequencies in the genome

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2243

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

The loci that encode hemoglobins are members of a gene family, which is a set of loci that arose by duplication.