DNA also undergoes depurination by spontaneous hydrolysis of the N-glycosyl linkage, and this produces an abasic site (i.e., deoxyribose lacking a base) in the DNA.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9884

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9885

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Processes That Kill Phagocytosed Microbes

Agents include antimicrobial proteins and peptides, low pH, hydrolytic enzymes including lysozyme and proteases activated by the increasing acidity of the phagolysosomes, and specialized molecules that mediate oxidative attack.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9886

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)- NADPH oxidase mutate

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9887

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Eat me” signals

Dying cells facilitate their own phagocytosis by expressing on their surfaces such as phosphatidyl serine and lysophosphatidyl choline, proteins (annexin I), and altered carbohydrates. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9888

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Don’t eat me

Don’t eat me” signal, the protein CD47. CD47, recognized by the SIRP-α receptor on macrophages.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9889

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Apoptotic cells attract phagocytes by releasing the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid, which functions as a chemoattractant