If 10 protons are pumped out per NADH and 4 must flow in to produce 1 ATP, the proton-based P/O ratio is 2.5 for NADH as the electron donor and 1.5 (6/4) for succinate.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7580

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The cholesterol efflux from the sperm cell membrane is thought to change the location of its “lipid rafts,” contain receptor proteins that can bind the zona pellucida and participate in the acrosome reaction

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#Id: 9579

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Silurian - Origin of jawed fishes and arthropods, Invasion of land by primitive land plants

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2493

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

The band-sharpening effect relies on the fact that negatively charged glycinate ions (in the electrophoresis buffer) have a lower electrophoretic mobility than do the protein–SDS complexes, which, in turn, have lower mobility than the chloride ions (Cl − ) of the loading buffer and the stacking gel buffer. 

[Cl−] > [protein–SDS] > [glycinate].

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8068

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3154

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Vital capacity = Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume