The genome is the complete set of genes of an organism.

The transcriptome is the complete set of genes expressed under particular conditions.

The proteome is the complete set of polypeptides encoded by the whole genome or produced in any particular cell or tissue

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1764

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Self antigens are not uncommon in the periphery, Two factors contribute to this:                                                                                                                             a. not all self a. antigens are expressed in the central lymphoid organs where negative selection occurs

b. there is a threshold requirement for affinity to self antigens before clonal deletion is triggered, allowing some weakly self-reactive clones to survive the weeding-out process.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1765

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The possibility of damage from self-reactive lymphocytes is further limited by the life span of activated lymphocytes, which is regulated by programs that induce cell death (apoptosis).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1766

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Activated T cells express increased levels of Fas and FasL. In both B and T cells, engagement of Fas by FasL induces a rapid apoptotic death known as activation-induced cell death (AICD).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1767

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Tolerogens- Antigens that induce tolerance

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1768

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Factors that promote tolerance rather than stimulation

a. High doses of antigen

b. Long-term persistence of antigen in the host

c. Intravenous or oral introduction

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1769

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Absence of adjuvants

a. Low levels of costimulation

b. Presentation of antigen by immature