In an atomic force microscope imaging of the surface is done based on modulation of interaction forces between two atoms.

#Id: 2425

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

There are other parallels between initiation and termination. Both require breaking of hydrogen bonds (initial melting of DNA at initiation and RNA–DNA dissociation at termination), and both can utilize additional proteins (sigma factors, activators, repressors, and rho factor) that interact with the core enzyme.

#Id: 2426

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Initiation relies solely upon the interaction between RNA polymerase and duplex DNA, however, the termination event also involves recognition of signals in the transcript by RNA polymerase.

#Id: 2427

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Rho factor is an essential protein in E. coli that causes transcription termination.

#Id: 2428

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Initiation relies solely upon the interaction between RNA polymerase and duplex DNA, however, the termination event also involves recognition of signals in the transcript by RNA polymerase.

#Id: 2429

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Rho factor is an essential protein in E. coli that causes transcription termination.

#Id: 2430

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The rho concentration may be as high as,10% the concentration of RNA polymerase. Rho-independent termination accounts for almost half of E. coli terminators.