Differential-interference-contrast (DIC) microscopy based on splitting of light into two and then recombining them to observe their interference pattern.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10314

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Tumors that arise from exposure to mutagens, such as melanomas (UV light) and lung carcinomas (tobacco smoke) the number of mutations may be hundredfold greater than this. These altered proteins are known as neo-antigens

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10315

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Cancer cells influence the behavior of the fibroblasts and immune cells.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10316

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10317

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Cytotoxic T Cells target tumor cells

Most tumor cells, express MHC class I molecules on their surface, cytotoxic T cells can directly recognize them. 

cytotoxic T cells can result in killing of the tumor cells by two different mechanisms

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10318

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Cytotoxic T cells release granules containing the proteins perforin and granzyme-B. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10319

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Fas-L on the cytotoxic T cell binds to its receptor, the Fas protein on the tumor cells, an apoptotic signaling pathway in the tumor cells becomes activated, which also leads to tumor cell death.