Eosin binds to acidic molecules (DNA and side chains of aspartate and glutamate).

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Tomato Cf genes is also encodes a R proteins that recognize apoplastic effectors are receptor‐like proteins (RLPs) against the extracellular colonizing fungus Cladosporium fulvum for Avr9

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Lr34 of wheat, maize Rp1 locus, Xa21 in rice and tomato Pto gene are R genes

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Mutations in the EDS1 (SA synthesis) (ENHANCED DISEASE SENSITIVITY 1) gene eliminate race‐specific resistance mediated by the TIR‐NB‐LRR class of R proteins

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Four major pathogens infects plants most frequently

1. Viruses

2. Bacteria

3. Fungi

4. Insects

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Late blight disease (A), caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans

Black stem rust, which results from infection by the basidiomycete Puccinia graminis

Global banana (Musa spp.) production is under threat from black Sigatoka disease Mycosphaerella fijiensis.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

An effector molecule is

made by a pathogen to enhance the pathogen’s colonizing

abilities.