CSIR-PYQ Concept

Beta rhythm (13–30 Hz)

awake adult with eyes open

high frequency waves

low-voltage

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Newly activated genes are:

Adenylate cyclase A (ACA)

PKA

cAMP receptors (cARs)

Extracellular cAMP phosphodiesterase PdsA

An intracellular cAMP phosphodiesterase RegA

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Once all proteins are functioning, a few starving cells start to emit cAMP pulses.

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium myxamoebae is a result of spiral waves of cAMP.

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Neighboring cells respond to cAMP in two ways:

Initiate a movement toward the cAMP pulse for about a minute

Release cAMP of their own

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The top of the mound continues to emit cAMP pulses and is pushed upwards by the movement of cells underneath

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The emerging column of cells topples over called ‘the slug’.