TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4639


Flow cytometry or FACS is the sine qua non (without which, nothing) of the modern immunologist’s toolbox.

Flow cytometry is based on light scattering and fluorescence 

Forward light scattering detect shape and side scattering detects granularity and complexity of the cell



#Unit 13. Methods in Biology #Immunotechniques #Part B Pointers
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TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7853

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Thus, D glucose in aqueous solution exists as an equilibrium mixture of 5 compounds. The pyranose form predominates in solution.

aD glucofuranose (0.5%)

aD-glucopyranose (37%)

aldehydo- -glucose (0.003%)

bD-glucofuranose (0.5%)

bD-glucopyranose (62%)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7854

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

The optical activity of a stereoisomer is expressed quantitatively by its optical rotation.
The number of degrees by which plane-polarized light is rotated on passage through a given path length of a solution of the compound at a given concentration.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7855

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Optical rotation

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7856

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

When equal amounts of extrorotatory and levorotatory isomers are present, the resulting mixture becomes optically inactive because the optical activities of each isomer cancel each other.
Such a mixture is called a racemic or dl-mixture or (±)-conglomerate and this process of converting an optically active compound into the racemic modification is known of racemization. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7857

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

A freshly-prepared aqueous solution of α-D-glucose, has a specific rotation

A fresh solution of β-D-glucose, on the other hand, has a rotation value of +18.7°

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7858

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

All reducing sugars (except a few ketoses) undergo mutarotation