A number of amino acids (Asp, Glu, Asn, Gln, Arg and His) have weak electronic transitions at around 210 nm. Usually, these cannot be observed in proteins because

they are masked by the more intense peptide bond absorption.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3330

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Central to transcription-coupled repair in eukaryotes is the general transcription factor TFIIH.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3331

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

TFIIH is responsible for two separate functions: 

Its strand-separating helicases melt the DNA around a lesion during nucleotide excision repair (including transcription-coupled repair) and also help to open the DNA template during the process of gene transcription.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3333

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Humans can exhibit a genetic disorder called xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), an autosomal-recessive disease that renders afflicted individuals highly sensitive to sunlight and results in skin lesions, including skin cancer.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3335

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Seven genes have been identified in which mutations give rise to XP, these genes specify proteins (such as XPA, XPC, XPD, XPF, and XPG;)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3337

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

In addition to proteins involved in NER, a variant form of XP called XP-V is caused by a defect in the translesion DNA polymerase, Pol h. The gene encoding Pol h is sometimes called XPV. Individuals with XP-V have a milder form of XP.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3339

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Cells possessing a mutant Pol h are hindered in their ability to bypass thymine dimers during replication and must resort to using another translesion polymerase for bypass to avoid a block in replication.