Eukaryotic chromosome normally visualised in Interphase and metaphase/mitotic phases.

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#Id: 8966

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Molecular Variation (Rate) - Which is the number of substitutions taking place per nucleotide site per year

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#Id: 8967

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Nonsynonymous mutations, on the other hand, alter the amino acid sequence of the protein and in many cases are detrimental to the fitness of the organism, so most of these mutations are eliminated by natural selection.

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#Id: 8968

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

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#Id: 8969

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

The amount of genetic variation by examining phenotypic variation was difficult because many traits, a complex interaction of many genes and environmental factors determines the phenotype

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#Id: 8970

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

The amount of genetic variation in populations is commonly measured by two parameters –

1. The proportion of polymorphic loci

2. The expected heterozygosity is the proportion

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#Id: 8971

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

The Death of a Gene

When a gene is duplicated, the new copy is often dead-on arrival (lacks the regulatory elements).