Phytochrome responses fall into three major categories based on the amount of light required; very-low-fluence responses (VLFRs), low-fluence responses (LFRs), and high-irradiance responses (HIRs).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6995

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Embryonic stem cell (true stem cell)  have the potential to differentiate into almost any cell in the embryo including muscle, blood ,heart and nerve cells.They are primarily involved in growth and development.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1396

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

All small GTPases of the Ras superfamily, Cdc42, Rac, and Rho act as molecular switches, inactive in the GDP-bound state and active in the GTP-bound state.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7911

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

MCSs also serve as interfaces for the transfer of ions (Ca+2 ) and small molecules (glycerophospholipids) between the ER and mitochondria.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2942

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The rate of replication is -2000 bp/min, which is much slower than the 50,000 bp/min of bacterial replication fork movement, presumably because the chromosome is assembled into chromatin, not naked DNA.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9996

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In Wnt-Ca2+ pathway, Wnt binding to the receptor protein possibly Ryk, alone or in concert with Frizzled.