Reduced Ventricular Ejection

Left atrial pressure continues to increase as blood returns to the left heart from the lungs.

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Neurotransmitter release from the rods of retina- Glutamate

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When light strikes the outer segment of Rod cells: 

Na + channels closed 

Hyperpolarizing receptor potential

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The hyperpolarization of rod cells:

Reduces the release of glutamate

Generates a signal in the bipolar cells

Leads to AP in ganglion cells 

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Retinal ganglion cells contain melanopsin.

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Types of retinal ganglion cells:

large ganglion cells (magno, or M cells)

small ganglion cells (parvo, or P cells)