Thin descending and thin ascending segments, have thin epithelial membranes with no brush borders, few mitochondria, & minimal levels of metabolic activity.

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#Id: 2396

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Single intron that is located just one nucleotide beyond the 3’ side of the anticodon

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#Id: 5952

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Consumption efficiencies  Forests range from 1–2%.  In grasslands, most plants are non woody range from 30–60%.  In aquatic ecosystems (most plant and algal biomass can be consumed by herbivores) range from  60–99%.

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#Id: 828

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

ETI invasion by pathogen causes selection of novel R gene variants that can recognize other pathogen effector molecules and then activate defense.

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#Id: 9922

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

IFN-ϒ acts directly by inducing an antiviral state in nearby cells.

IL-2 acts indirectly by assisting the development of cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL) precursors into an effector population.

Both IL-2 and IFN-ϒ activate NK cells.

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#Id: 6173

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Cry proteins, in general, have no adverse effects on higher animals, including mammals since, there are no specific receptors in the gastrointestinal tracts of mammals.