The renal epithelial cells express the enzyme 11β-HSD2, which prevent cortisol from activating mineralocorticoid receptors.

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#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Dosage compensation

Equalization in males and females of the amount of protein produced by X-linked genes.

Each female cell one of the two X chromosome becomes inactive. Which X chromosome is inactivated is random.

The Xist (X inactive specific transcript) gene located on the X chromosome, in required for inactivation. 

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#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Barr body- Inactivated X chromosome that appears as a condensed, darkly staining structure in most cells of female placental mammals. 

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#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Number of Barr bodies

Differential expression of a gene that depends on the sex of the parent that transmitted the gene.

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#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Genetic Maternal Effect 

Determination of the phenotype of an offspring not by its own genotype, but by the nuclear genotype of its mother. 

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#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

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#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Cytoplasmic Inheritance

Present in males and females. 

Usually inherited from one parent, typically the maternal parent.

Reciprocal crosses give different results. 

Exhibit extensive phenotypic variation, even within a single family.