The source of this breakage is the incorporation of some uracil into DNA in place of thymine. When the uracil is removed by a repair system, the leading strand has breaks until a thymine is inserted. Thus, the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously and the leading strand is synthesized continuously. This is called semidiscontinuous replication.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10557

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10558

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

tBid fragment binds to Bcl-2 on the outer mitochondrial membrane, leading to the dissociation of Bak and Bax and release of cytochrome c into the cytosol

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10559

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In cells lacking functional caspase-8 or FADD, TNFα

triggers an alternative pathway, necroptosis.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10560

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10561

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Necroptosis pathway triggered by activation of RIPK1 kinase.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10562

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Activated RIPK1 forms multiprotein complexes via its RHIM domain with the kinase RIPK3, and RIPK3 becomes activated by phosphorylation