Replicons are referred to as being of the PhiX or oriC type.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

For each H+ pumped across, a negative ion (e.g., OH− or Cl−) will be “left behind” on the cytosolic face, causing a buildup of negatively charged ions there.

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#Id: 3324

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

These oppositely charged ions attract each other on opposite faces of the membrane, generating a charge separation, or electric potential, across the membrane.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3325

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The proton-motive force— drives the synthesis of ATP as protons flow passively back into the matrix through a proton pore in ATP synthase.

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#Id: 3326

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Mitochondrial ATP synthase is an F-type ATPase and also called Complex V.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3327

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

ATP synthase has two components; F1, a peripheral membrane protein, and Fo, oligomycin sensitive

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3329

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

ATP synthase stabilizes ATP relative to ADP + Pi by binding ATP more tightly, releasing enough energy to counterbalance the cost of making ATP.