The deamination generates a G-T/C-T mismatch pair, MutL and MutS remove T from both G-T and C-T mismatches.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5888

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Incorrect base pairing leads to dramatically lower rates of nucleotide addition as a result of a catalytically unfavorable alignment of these substrates. This is an example of kinetic proofreading, in which an enzyme favors catalysis using one of several possible substrates by dramatically increasing the rate of bond formation only when the correct substrate is present. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2300

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The overall reaction rate for the bacterial RNA polymerase can be as fast as 40–50 nucleotides/ second at 37°C for most transcripts

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1660

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Naturally occurs when maternal IgG crosses the placenta to the developing fetus.

Maternal antibodies present in breast milk can also provide passive immunity to the infant in the form of maternally produced IgA.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7834

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4612

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

The TUNEL Assay measures Apoptotically Generated DNA Fragmentation.