Nitrous acid induces transitions in both directions, A:T ↔ G:C.

#Id: 6767

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The most well studied type of DE is the AU-rich element (ARE) AUUUA, found in the 3’ UTR of up to 8% of mammalian mRNAs

#Id: 6768

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

In nonsense mediated decay  in the addition of multiple lysines to the end of the protein (AAA is the codon for lysine) and stalling of the ribosome at the end of the mRNA. 

#Id: 6769

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

#Id: 6770

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Upf1 is the first NMD protein to act, binding to the terminating ribosome—specifically to its release factor complex.

#Id: 6771

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

nonstop-mediated decay rescues ribosomes that translate mRNAs that lack a stop codon. When an mRNA lacking a stop codon is translated, the ribosome translates through the poly-A tail This results 

#Id: 6772

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes