Attenuator riboswitch (Leader sequence) region 1 is translated  till UGA (R1-2) at high trp concentration due to two conditions

 Ribosome quickly crosses codon 10, 11

After crossing codon 10, 11 ribosome prematurely terminated at UGA at the end of Region 1

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Smooth muscle cells and nonmuscle cells are regulated by:

Norepinephrine, angiotensin, endothelin, histamine

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Smooth muscle contraction is regulated by the cycling of myosin II between on and off states.

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

In vertebrate smooth muscle, phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain activates contraction in Ca2+ dependent manner.

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

When the Ca2+ level rises, Ca2+ binds CaM.

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

The CaM*-Ca2+ complex binds and activates MLC kinase, phosphorylates the myosin LC. 

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Phosphorylation of MLC 

unfolds the myosin II, active and can assemble into bipolar filaments for contraction