The telomere is absolutely required for the stability of the chromosome end.

#Id: 7149

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

In the local defense response, there are two ways of short-distance transmission of the JA signal. First, the systemin produced by the wounding acts as a signaling molecule, which is transmitted to the adjacent site through the apoplast and phloem to activate the JA cascade reaction pathway. Second, JA and JA-Ile induced by systemin act as signals and are transported to adjacent sites for defensive responses

#Id: 7150

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

#Id: 7151

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The defense response triggered by a traumatic signal can result in a local defense response near the wound and/or a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) at the uninjured site, and/or even induced defense responses from adjacent plants. 

#Id: 7152

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

#Id: 7153

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Jasmonic acid needs to be conjugated first to an amino acid (here: isoleucine) to bind to COI1 as part of a SCFCOI1 protein complex. This complex targets JAZ, a repressor of transcriptio

#Id: 7154

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Two additional proteins and two histone deacetylase enzymes (HDA6 and HDA19) act as co-repressors along with the JAZ–COI1 complex and are instrumental in maintaining the chromatin in an inactive state.