In the local defense response, there are two ways of short-distance transmission of the JA signal. First, the systemin produced by the wounding acts as a signaling molecule, which is transmitted to the adjacent site through the apoplast and phloem to activate the JA cascade reaction pathway. Second, JA and JA-Ile induced by systemin act as signals and are transported to adjacent sites for defensive responses

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7121

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8577

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

In skeletal muscle, 

The desmin filaments encircle the Z disk and are cross-linked to the plasma membrane. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9106

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Invasive species An introduced species that spreads rapidly and has negative effects on other species, human recreation, or human economies. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9918

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Innate response elements commonly engaged by encounter with viral PAMPs, such as secretion of type I interferons, inflammasome and NK-cell activation, as well as IL-12 production.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7125

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant