The mechanism for “bottom-up” specification of germ layers of the frog embryo resides in a set of mRNAs that are tethered to the vegetal cortex

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5543

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

At physiologic pH, the loop diuretics are anions that attach to the Cl−-binding site of the Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter.

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#Id: 5544

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The thick ascending limb has a sodium-hydrogen counter-transport

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#Id: 5545

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

In the thick segment of the ascending loop of Henle, paracellular reabsorption of cations, such as Mg++, Ca++, Na+, and K+ occur

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#Id: 5546

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Paracellular reabsorption of cations (K+) causes slight positive charge (+8)of the tubular lumen relative to the interstitial fluid

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#Id: 5547

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Positive charge forces cations such as Mg++ and Ca++ to diffuse from the tubular lumen through the paracellular space and into the interstitial fluid

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5548

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

In the early distal tubule Approximately 5% of the filtered load of sodium chloride is reabsorbed through sodium-chloride co-transporter