A covalent bond is a chemical bond that occurs when two or more atoms share electrons. The sharing of electrons helps complete the outer shell, or valence shell, of both atoms. The sharing of electrons creates a stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms.

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Protein filaments in cytoplasm are responsible for the rod and helical cell shapes of bacteria.

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Capsules often protect pathogenic bacteria from phagocytosis by the host cells.

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

In peptidoglycan the amino acids occur in an alternating pattern of D and L forms