Excretory organs such as

a. Flame cells 

b. Nephridia 

c. Gills

d. Water vascular system

e. Kidneys  excrete these wastes.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8502

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Proteins are made of either single domain or multiple domains. Domains can be classified into more than 800 groups but by simple classification can be done into 4 classes. Each domain is combination of motifs / super secondary structures. Like domains, many super secondary structures can exists independently in solution. They can act as nucleation in protein folding. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8503

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

At the highest level of classification, there are four type of secondary structures

All a

All b

a+b

a/b

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8504

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Domain

Domains are formed by combinations of SS, SSS, motifs and connected by loops and turns.

Highly conversed and may be common in most unrelated proteins

They evolve

Can function Independently

Average 100 amino acids 

Single hydrophobic core

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8505

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

24 possible ways in which two adjacent ~ hairpin motifs, each consisting of two antiparallel ~ strands connected by a loop region, can be combined to make a more complex motif.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8506

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8507

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology