Negatively charged amino acids have four ionisations zones

1. 1--------pK1 – charge +1

2. pK1---------pKr charge 0

3. pKr---------pK2 charge -1

4. pK2---------14 charge -2

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8203

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

An H+ ATPase in the membrane pumps H+ into the lysosome, maintaining its lumen at an acidic pH.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8204

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Lysosome H+ pump are V-type ATPases and has a similar architecture to the F-type ATPases

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8205

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Membranes of late endosomes and lysosomes contain V-class proton pumps that act in concert with Cl- channels to acidify the vesicle lumen.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8206

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Plant vacuole act as

a storage organelle for nutrients and waste products

a degradative compartment

an economical way of increasing cell size

a controller of turgor pressure

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8207

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Anthocyanin pigments stored in vacuoles

Color the petals of many flowers so as to attract pollinating insects

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8208

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

There are 4 paths from different sources feed substances into lysosomes for digestion:

• Endocytosis

• Phagocytosis

• Macropinocytosis

• Autophagy