CD spectra is used to

determine whether proteins are properly folded, 

estimate the fraction of the protein that is folded in either of the common secondary structures, and

monitor transitions between the folded and unfolded states.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

hy1 and hy2 mutant are chromophore biosynthesis mutant: which fail to supress hypocotyl elongation

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Pfr is the physiologically active forms of Phytochrome

Wild type: short hypocotyl by white light

hy mutant (phytochrome mutant): long hypocotyl by white light

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

A toggle model is for phytochrome interconversion

The structure of the b-hairpin region of Pr is changed to an a helix during the conversion of Pr to Pfr, which initiates other conformational changes in the protein.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

There are five phytochrome isoforms in angiosperms

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

PHYA is the only gene that encodes a Type I phytochrome and predominantly perceives far-red light.

Phytochrome B predominantly perceives red light

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The PHYA gene is transcriptionally active in dark-grown seedlings, but its expression is strongly inhibited in the light in monocots.