Two major classes of actin-nucleating proteins:

1. Formins nucleate the assembly of unbranched filaments 

2. Arp2/3 complex nucleates the assembly of branched actin networks

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10247

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Cleavage of the carotenoid by the enzyme NCED (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) is a rate-limiting,

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10248

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Gas chromatography allows detection of as little as 10–13 g ABA,

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10249

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Two regulatory pathways exist for ABA catabolism:

the oxidative pathway and the sugar conjugation pathway

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10250

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

vp12 mutant have low chlorophyll content and reduced capacity for synthesis of carotenoids and ABA

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10251

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The pyrabactin resistance (PYR)/PYR‐related (PYL)/regulatory

component of ABA receptor (RCAR) family of ABA receptors (PYR/PYL/RCAR protein family) have ABA‐binding activity

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10252

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

A signaling complex of PYR/PYL/RCAR, PP2C, and SnRK2 is important for ABA perception and the initial signal transduction process.