The structure of the sarcomere is maintained by a number of accessory proteins: 

1. CapZ 

2.Tropomodulin

3.Titin 

4.Nebulin

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9702

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Haploid yeast cells secrete protein signals known as pheromones, which induce mating between opposite mating types.

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#Id: 9703

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

An a haploid cell secretes the a mating factor and has GPCRs for the α factor on its cell surface; an α cell secretes the α factor and has GPCRs for the a factor.

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#Id: 9704

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Activation of the MAP kinase pathway by either the a or the α GPCRs induces transcription of genes that inhibit progression of the cell cycle

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#Id: 9705

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The receptors for yeast α and a mating factors are coupled to the same trimeric G protein.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9706

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Ligand binding to either of the two yeast pheromone GPCRs triggers the exchange of GTP for GDP on the Gα subunit and dissociation of Gα∙GTP from the Gβγ complex.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9707

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Ligand binding and dissociation of the G protein subunits, the membrane-tethered Gβγ subunit binds the Ste5.