Most protein have "loops" introduced by disulfides of about 15 residues

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Pyroptosis A form of regulated programmed cell death associated with inflammation, and often associated with infection with intracellular pathogens. Mediated by inflammasome-activated caspase-1.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

NOD1 also provides protection against the intracellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma  cruzi,

NOD2 activates responses to some viruses, including influenza.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The AIM2-like receptors (ALRs) are cytosolic receptors that bind DNA molecules from bacteria and viruses.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Inflammation

Tissue response to infection or damage which serves to eliminate

Classic signs of acute inflammation are heat (calore), pain (dolore), redness (rubor), swelling (tumor), and loss of function (functio laesa).