An evolutionarily conserved family of signaling molecules, TGF-β superfamily includes: 

TGF-β family, Nodal and activin families, BMPs, Vg1 family, GDNF, AMH

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

SL RNA (Trans-splicing) carries a trimethylated cap, which is recognized by the variant cap-binding factor eIF4E to facilitate translation.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

PI-3 kinase signaling pathway is terminated by

PTEN phosphatase, which hydrolyzes the 3-phosphate

in PI 3-phosphates.

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Energy derived from absorbed light is used to reverse the photoreaction that caused the lesion.  The two chromophores in E. coli photolyase (Mr 54,000), N5,N10 methenyltetrahydrofolylpolyglutamate (MTHFpolyGlu) and FADH, perform complementary functions

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Promoter mutations are also cis-acting. If they prevent RNA polymerase from binding at P-lac, the structural genes are never transcribed.