Three types of Smad proteins function in the TGF-β signaling pathway: 

R-Smads (Smad2 and Smad3)

Co-Smads (Smad4)

I-Smads (Smad7)

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

MIS is a 536-amino-acid homodimer a member of the TGF-β superfamily

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The apical ectodermal ridge is a thickening of the ectoderm at the apex of the developing limb bud.

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

The cI gene is transcribed from PRE when establishing lysogeny and from PRM when maintaining that state. 

PR controls not only lytic genes, but also expression of cII and is thus important in lysogeny as well as lytic development. PL which controls many lytic genes, also controls the cIII gene which helps establish lysogeny

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Secretory pathway

pathway of protein trafficking that flows through the ER