Bacterial phytochrome-like proteins (BphPs) regulate the biosynthesis of the photosynthetic apparatus in Rhodopseudomonas

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

It does not exist as an independent unit (e.g., analogous to the ribosome), but assembles de novo at the origin for each replication cycle.

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#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Touchdown PCR, has been devised to increase the specificity of PCR without lowering the efficiency by variation annealing temperature.

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Bacillus anthracis has two large plasmids (extrachromosomal DNA molecules), one of which has a pathogenicity island that includes the gene encoding the anthrax toxin.

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#Unit 12. Applied Biology

Artificial seeds are produced by encapsulating somatic embryos in calcium alginate gel.

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Chaperonins GroEL and GroES sequester and ensure the correct folding of the newly synthesized large subunit (L). 

The assembly chaperone (RbcX)2 binds the large subunit and provides positional information for proper association of large subunit dimers to form the L8–((RbcX)2)8 complex. 

The small subunit (S) associates with L8–((RbcX)2)8, triggering a conformational change in RbcL and eliciting 

the release of (RbcX)2 and formation of the catalytically mature Rubisco holoenzyme [L]8–[S]8.