The AIM2-like receptors (ALRs) are cytosolic receptors that bind DNA molecules from bacteria and viruses.

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#Id: 10223

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Organo-genesis

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#Id: 6737

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Conjugation

Direct transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another.

Two bacteria lie close together and a connection forms between them. 

After conjugation, crossing overtakes place between homologous sequences

In conjugation, DNA is transferred only from donor to recipient, with no reciprocal exchange of genetic material. 

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#Id: 3516

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Two genes may share some related exons but also have unique exons.

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#Id: 9937

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Intracellular bacterial

Intracellular bacterial infections tend to induce a cell-mediated immune response, specifically DTH. 

In this response, cytokines secreted by CD4+ T cells are important—most notably IFN-ϒ, which activates macrophages.

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#Id: 5466

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Schwann cells and astrocytes produce ciliary neurotrophic factor which promotes the survival of damaged and embryonic spinal cord neurons