There are 18 different antigenic subtypes for HA and 11 for NA.

#Id: 2490

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

SDS (H3C-(CH2 )10 –CH2 -OSO3 – Na+ ) is an anionic detergent used to create negative on sample  On average, one SDS molecule binds for every two amino-acid residues.

#Id: 2491

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

SDS–PAGE are firstly boiled for 5 min in sample buffer containing - mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol ( DTT) and SDS. Mercaptoethanol or DTT reduce any disulfide bridges

#Id: 2492

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

In conventional discontinuous gel electrophoresis two type of GEL system is used on top with comb there is a stacking gel with pH 6.8 and below resolving with gel pH 8.8 phenomenon known as isotachophoresis.

#Id: 2493

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

The band-sharpening effect relies on the fact that negatively charged glycinate ions (in the electrophoresis buffer) have a lower electrophoretic mobility than do the protein–SDS complexes, which, in turn, have lower mobility than the chloride ions (Cl − ) of the loading buffer and the stacking gel buffer. 

#Id: 2494

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

More recently Different from conventional gels, the matrix of single gel system introduced  which contains  three amino acids (serine, glycine and asparagine).

#Id: 2495

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

The relationship between acrylamide gel concentration and protein fractionation range